Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
Fleury Group, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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). Cluster 2 has signature activation of MAP kinase signaling pathways. The following genes stand out: NF1, RET, HRAS, and TMEM127 (9–11). Cluster 3 (identified by The Cancer Genome Atlas) has WnT pathways based on a transcriptional signature, which
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Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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recommendations. <18 years old: Biochemical evaluation every 2 years and full-body MRI from skull base to pelvis every 2–3 years. >18 years old: annual biochemical evaluation and full-body imaging from skull base to pelvis every 2–3 years. TMEM127
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). This hereditary predisposition falls under the spectrum of hereditary paraganglioma–pheochromocytoma (PPGL) syndromes. Additional genes that cause hereditary PPGL include the other SDHx genes ( SDHB , SDHC , SDHD , and SDHAF2 ), MAX , and TMEM127
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Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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included the most frequently mutated genes in PPGL: RET, VHL, NF1, MAX, SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, SDHAF2, and TMEM127 . Depending on phenotypic features and/or year of diagnosis, patients were tested for a variable number of these genes. For patients with
Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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1 and 4, familial isolated pituitary adenomas, succinate dehydrogenase mutations ( SDHA , SDHB , SDHC , SDHD , MAX , TMEM 127 ) and other conditions (Mc Cune Albright Sy, Carney complex, neurofibromatosis type 1, von Hippel–Lindau syndrome and