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Fleury Group, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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). Cluster 2 has signature activation of MAP kinase signaling pathways. The following genes stand out: NF1, RET, HRAS, and TMEM127 (9–11). Cluster 3 (identified by The Cancer Genome Atlas) has WnT pathways based on a transcriptional signature, which
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Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, UK
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Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, UK
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–Lindau tumour-suppressor ( VHL ), TSC complex ( TSC ) , neurofibromin 1( NF1 ), MutY DNA glycosylase, BRCA2 DNA repair-associated, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B ( CDKN1B ), and checkpoint kinase 2 genes ( Crona & Skogseid 2016 , Scarpa et al. 2017
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Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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% NF1 Autosomal dominant 7.7–14% +++ + + ++ ~12% SDHB Autosomal dominant 22–26% by age 60 ++ ++ +++ ++ 25–50% SDHD Autosomal dominant – paternal inheritance 43% by age 60 ++ +++ ++ +++ 3
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Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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included the most frequently mutated genes in PPGL: RET, VHL, NF1, MAX, SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, SDHAF2, and TMEM127 . Depending on phenotypic features and/or year of diagnosis, patients were tested for a variable number of these genes. For patients with
Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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a prevalence of approximately 1 in 1000 people, presenting with hormonal hyper or hypofunction, and/or mass effect symptoms ( Daly et al. 2006 , Fernandez et al. 2010 ). In addition, 10–15% of tumours demonstrate ‘aggressive behaviour
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embedded in a surrounding stromal compartment comprised of smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, vasculature, and immune cells ( Fig. 1A ). Cancer develops from the epithelial compartment ( Fig. 1A ), where it can be preceded by an inflammatory state, prostate
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East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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been identified associated with germline mutations in the mismatch repair genes MSH6 and MSH2 that cause Lynch syndrome ( Raymond et al. 2013 , Zheng et al. 2016 , Casey et al. 2018 ). Additionally, a small subset of adult ACC cases (1
Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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a reversible covalent process that results in the attachment of ubiquitin to specific substrates by the sequential action of enzymes E1, E2, and E3 ( Schlesinger et al. 1975 ). Ubiquitin molecules are commonly added to specific lysine residues in
Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas ’Dr. César Bergadá’ (CEDIE-CONICET-FEI), División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Snyder JP Shoji M Pattnaik S Alam A El-Rayes BF 2016 Inhibition of NF-κB translocation by curcumin analogs induces G0/G1 arrest and downregulates thymidylate synthase in colorectal cancer . Cancer Letters 373 227 – 233 . ( https://doi.org/10
Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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, germline BRCA1 mutation, and depression: a case report . Journal of Medical Case Reports 12 360. ( https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-018-1890-x ) Bi WL Greenwald NF Ramkissoon SH Abedalthagafi M Coy SM Ligon KL Mei Y MacConaill L Ducar M