al. 2018 ), a routine biopsy of adrenal mass suspected to be malignant is not recommended, unless a metastasis from extra-adrenal malignancy is suspected or the patient is inoperable and a histopathologic diagnosis is required. We describe a unique
Nada Younes, Isabelle Bourdeau, Harold Olney, Paul Perrotte, Odile Prosmanne, Mathieu Latour, David Roberge, and André Lacroix
Sylvia L Asa and Shereen Ezzat
majority of neoplasms as adenomas. The criteria for a diagnosis of malignancy, called pituitary carcinoma, were very strict and required proof of systemic or craniospinal metastasis with no direct spread. In some previous classifications, there was a
Poh Shean Wong, Subashini Rajoo, Hairuddin Achmad Sankala, and Mohamed Badrulnizam Long Bidin
glands, bones, respiratory system, and brain parenchyma ( Riihimäki et al. 2014 ). The pituitary gland is an unusual location for metastasis ( Habu et al. 2015 ) . In this case presentation and literature review, we aimed to discuss a case of
Krishna Vikneson, Tariq Haniff, May Thwin, Ahmad Aniss, Alex Papachristos, Mark Sywak, and Anthony Glover
volume correlates strongly with nodal metastasis, better than the greatest diameter alone ( Pennington et al. 2018 ). Similarly, in AS studies of DTC, it has been established that serial volume measurements can allow the prediction of growth
Stéphanie Larose, Dany Rioux, Roula Albadine, and Andre Lacroix
Ectopic ACTH secretion (EAS) is a rare cause of ACTH-dependent Cushing’s syndrome (CS), most often caused by a thoracic neuroendocrine tumor (NET). Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNEC) with EAS are rare and usually present a more severe ACTH secretion and hypercortisolism. We report a 44-yo non-smoker man, who presented clinical and biochemical evidence of ACTH-dependent CS. Desmopressin 10 mcg iv produced a 157% increase in ACTH and a 25% increase in cortisol from baseline; there was no stimulation of ACTH or cortisol during the CRH test and no suppression with high dose dexamethasone. Pituitary MRI identified a 5 mm lesion, but inferior petrosal venous sinus sampling (IPSS) under desmopressin did not identify a central ACTH source. Thorax and abdominal imaging identified a left lung micronodule. Surgery confirmed a lung LCNEC with strongly positive ACTH immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the primary and lymph node metastasis The patient was in CS remission after surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy, but developed a recurrence 9.5 years later, with LCNEC pulmonary left hilar metastases, ectopic CS, and positive ACTH IHC. This is the first report of LCNEC, with morphologic feature of carcinoid tumor of the lung with ectopic ACTH stimulated by desmopressin. Long delay prior to metastatic recurrence indicates relatively indolent NET. This case report indicates that response to desmopressin, which usually occurs in Cushing’s disease or benign neuroendocrine tumors, can occur in malignant LCNEC.
T U Kars, M Kulaksızoğlu, and İ Kılınç
patients (86.1%). Lymph node metastasis was detected in 9 patients (25%) ( Table 1 ). Table 1 The characteristics of PTC patients and benign cases. Variables PTC patients Benign cases P Number of subjects ( n ) 36 40
Damien A Leach, Rayzel C Fernandes, and Charlotte L Bevan
enriched in the tumour-specific AR-binding sites ( Pomerantz et al. 2015 ). High FOXA1 expression in PCa is associated with metastasis, biochemical relapse, and overall outcome ( Jain et al. 2011 , Sahu et al. 2011 , Gerhardt et al. 2012
Sara Coelho, Cláudia Costa, Ana Paula Santos, Pedro Souteiro, Joana Oliveira, Júlio Oliveira, Isabel Azevedo, Isabel Torres, and Maria José Bento
pathological specimens ( n = 3, 14.3%), as well as tumor necrosis ( n = 5, 20.0%). Lymphovascular and perineural invasion were present in 14 (41.2%) and 12 (38.5%) of the cases. Liver metastasis was the most frequent site of synchronous metastasis at
Donatella Treppiedi, Rosa Catalano, Federica Mangili, Giovanna Mantovani, and Erika Peverelli
, FLNA was originally discovered as a tumor-promoting factor, closely involved in tumor invasion and metastasis. Ultimately, with increasing knowledge of its functions within the cell, FLNA is actually known to play a dual role in tumors, depending on the
Syed Ehsanullah and Nikolaos A Trikalinos
RV 2006 Association of DNA methylation and epigenetic inactivation of RASSF1A and beta-catenin with metastasis in small bowel carcinoid tumors . Endocrine 30 299 – 306 . ( https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-006-0008-1 ) 10.1007/s12020-006-0008-1
