Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
Fleury Group, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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, Giminez-Roqueplo et al. 2023 ). Cluster 1 includes genes related to the Krebs cycle. Characteristic genes are SDHA, SDHAF2, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, FH,MDH2, GOT2, IDH1, SCLC25A11, EPAS1, and VHL . The presence of germline or somatic PVs in these genes
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Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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/PGL Adrenal PCC HNPGL Extra-adrenal PGL Risk of multifocal primary PCC/PGL Risk of metastatic disease VHL Autosomal dominant 19% 60% for type 2 +++ + + +++ <5% RET Autosomal dominant 50% +++ + + +++ <5
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Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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included the most frequently mutated genes in PPGL: RET, VHL, NF1, MAX, SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, SDHAF2, and TMEM127 . Depending on phenotypic features and/or year of diagnosis, patients were tested for a variable number of these genes. For patients with
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Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, UK
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Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, UK
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–Lindau tumour-suppressor ( VHL ), TSC complex ( TSC ) , neurofibromin 1( NF1 ), MutY DNA glycosylase, BRCA2 DNA repair-associated, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B ( CDKN1B ), and checkpoint kinase 2 genes ( Crona & Skogseid 2016 , Scarpa et al. 2017
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. PVs in RET, FH, VHL, NF1 , and other genes are also known to increase the risk of PGL and/or PCC. Although individuals with hereditary PPGL syndrome may develop any SDHx - related tumors, the penetrance and phenotype of hereditary PPGL syndrome