Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
Fleury Group, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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). Cluster 2 has signature activation of MAP kinase signaling pathways. The following genes stand out: NF1, RET, HRAS, and TMEM127 (9–11). Cluster 3 (identified by The Cancer Genome Atlas) has WnT pathways based on a transcriptional signature, which
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Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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% NF1 Autosomal dominant 7.7–14% +++ + + ++ ~12% SDHB Autosomal dominant 22–26% by age 60 ++ ++ +++ ++ 25–50% SDHD Autosomal dominant – paternal inheritance 43% by age 60 ++ +++ ++ +++ 3
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Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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included the most frequently mutated genes in PPGL: RET, VHL, NF1, MAX, SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, SDHAF2, and TMEM127 . Depending on phenotypic features and/or year of diagnosis, patients were tested for a variable number of these genes. For patients with
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Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, UK
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Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, UK
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–Lindau tumour-suppressor ( VHL ), TSC complex ( TSC ) , neurofibromin 1( NF1 ), MutY DNA glycosylase, BRCA2 DNA repair-associated, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B ( CDKN1B ), and checkpoint kinase 2 genes ( Crona & Skogseid 2016 , Scarpa et al. 2017
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. PVs in RET, FH, VHL, NF1 , and other genes are also known to increase the risk of PGL and/or PCC. Although individuals with hereditary PPGL syndrome may develop any SDHx - related tumors, the penetrance and phenotype of hereditary PPGL syndrome